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class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>01.基础入门</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/02.%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>02.基础语法</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/03.%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>03.指针与内存分配</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/04.%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>04.程序结构和异常处理</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/05.%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%8E%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>05.数据结构与泛型</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/06.trait%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>06.trait与生命周期</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/07.%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>07.编写测试</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/08.%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>08.构建命令行程序</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/09.%E9%97%AD%E5%8C%85%E4%B8%8E%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%99%A8.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>09.闭包与迭代器</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/10.%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>10.发布项目</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/11.%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>11.智能指针</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/12.%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>12.并发</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/13.%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>13.面向对象</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/14.%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8Rust.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>14.不安全Rust</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/15.%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>15.高级特性</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/16.%E6%89%8B%E5%86%99web%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%B1%A0.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>16.手写web服务器和线程池</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rust/17.rust%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>17.rust异步编程</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-f332cb62><section class="VPSidebarGroup collapsible" data-v-f332cb62 data-v-2976c796><div class="title" role="button" data-v-2976c796><h2 class="title-text" data-v-2976c796>rustweb</h2><div class="action" data-v-2976c796><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="icon minus" data-v-2976c796><path 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server</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rustweb/02.Actix.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>02.Actix</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rustweb/03.%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>03.连接数据库</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rustweb/04.%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>04.错误处理</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rustweb/05.%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E9%87%8D%E6%9E%84.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>05.完整项目重构</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link active" href="/articles/rustweb/06.%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%AB%AFweb%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>06.服务器端web应用</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rustweb/07.WebAssembly.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>07.WebAssembly</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--[--><a class="VPLink link link" href="/articles/rustweb/08.%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83.html" style="padding-left:0px;" data-v-2cfe069a data-v-3c355974><!--[--><span class="link-text" data-v-2cfe069a>08.发布</span><!--]--><!----></a><!----><!--]--><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-c6a644e1 data-v-c95df128><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-c95df128 data-v-37ebe389><div class="container" data-v-37ebe389><div class="aside" data-v-37ebe389><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-37ebe389></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-37ebe389><div class="aside-content" data-v-37ebe389><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-37ebe389 data-v-afc4c1a1><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-afc4c1a1 data-v-2865c0b0><div class="content" data-v-2865c0b0><div class="outline-marker" data-v-2865c0b0></div><div class="outline-title" data-v-2865c0b0>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-2865c0b0><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-2865c0b0> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-2865c0b0 data-v-1188541a><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-afc4c1a1></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-37ebe389><div class="content-container" data-v-37ebe389><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-37ebe389><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _articles_rustweb_06_%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%AB%AFweb%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8" data-v-37ebe389><div><h1 id="rust-web入门（六）：服务器端web应用" tabindex="-1">Rust Web入门（六）：服务器端web应用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#rust-web入门（六）：服务器端web应用" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h1><p>本教程笔记来自 杨旭老师的 rust web 全栈教程，链接如下：</p><p><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1RP4y1G7KF?p=1&amp;vd_source=8595fbbf160cc11a0cc07cadacf22951" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1RP4y1G7KF?p=1&amp;vd_source=8595fbbf160cc11a0cc07cadacf22951</a></p><p>学习 Rust Web 需要学习 rust 的前置知识可以学习杨旭老师的另一门教程</p><p><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1hp4y1k7SV/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&amp;vd_source=8595fbbf160cc11a0cc07cadacf22951" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1hp4y1k7SV/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&amp;vd_source=8595fbbf160cc11a0cc07cadacf22951</a></p><p>项目的源代码可以查看 git：（注意作者使用的是 mysql 数据库而不是原教程的数据库）</p><p><a href="https://github.com/aiai0603/rust_web_mysql" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/aiai0603/rust_web_mysql</a></p><p>在之前的项目中，我们已经使用了 rust 编写了一些具有增删改查功能的接口并且进行测试，但是作为一款完整的应用，他还需要将这些数据展示到页面中的功能；在之前的学习中，我们已经尝试过将一个html 页面提供给用户，但是在实际开发中，我们肯定希望我们的数据可以绑定到页面中展示给用户，类似许多语言提供了模板引擎功能，如 jsp、asp 等，rust也有自己的模板引擎 Tera，找不到官网链接了，给一个资料链接：</p><p><a href="http://www.xiyangw.com/post/17560.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.xiyangw.com/post/17560.html</a></p><p>这节课我们使用 Tera 来完成一个简单的新增教师和查询教师的界面：</p><h2 id="架构搭建" tabindex="-1">架构搭建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#架构搭建" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2><p>同样我们新建一个项目，在开始编写之前我们先添加我们的依赖</p><div class="language-shell"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">actix-files = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">0.6.0-beta.16</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">actix-web = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">4.0.0-rc.2</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">awc = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">3.0.0-beta.21</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">chrono = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> version = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">0.4.19</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">, features = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">[</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">serde</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">]</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">dotenv = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">0.15.0</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#676E95;"># openssl = { version = &quot;0.10.38&quot;, features = [&quot;vendored&quot;] }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">serde = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> version = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">1.0.136</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">, features = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">[</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">derive</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">]</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">serde_json = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">1.0.79</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tera = </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">1.15.0</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>之后我们依次新建 <a href="http://errors.rs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">errors.rs</a> , <a href="http://handlers.rs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">handlers.rs</a> , <a href="http://models.rs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">models.rs</a> 和 <a href="http://routers.rs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">routers.rs</a> 作为我们的各个功能模块，我们编写一个 <a href="http://mod.rs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">mod.rs</a> 将各个模块导出：</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mod</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">errors</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mod</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">handlers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mod</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">routers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mod</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">models</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>之后在根目录下创建一个 static 文件夹存放我们的模板 html 文件和样式文件等资源，</p><p>最后我们在 bin 目录下新建我们的 <a href="http://svr.rs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">svr.rs</a> 文件作为我们的启动文件，现在完整的架构搭建起来了</p><h2 id="配置服务器" tabindex="-1">配置服务器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置服务器" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2><p>对于这个项目，我们将项目的启动路径编写在配置文件中，方便我们随时改变他，我们在根目录编写一个 .env 文件写上我们的端口：</p><div class="language-xml"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">HOST_PORT = 127.0.0.1:4396</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>之后我们在 <a href="http://svr.rs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">svr.rs</a> 文件编写我们的服务器启动逻辑，我们获取配置文件的服务器启动地址之后，之后我们将 static 文件夹绑定在 tera 中，这样 static 文件夹下的文件就会被 tera 识别到，之后我们将 tera 传入整个项目中，我们的项目就可以使用 tera 这个引擎的相关内容了，最后我们在配置文件的编写的地址启动我们的项目：</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">#[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">path </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">../mod.rs</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C792EA;">mod</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">wa</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> actix_web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::{</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> App</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> HttpServer</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">};</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> dotenv</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">dotenv</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> routers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">app_config</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> std</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">env</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> wa</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::{</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">errors</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">handlers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">models</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">routers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">};</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">#[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">actix_web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">main</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">async</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">main</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">std</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">io</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Result</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;()&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">dotenv</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">().</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">ok</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> host_port </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">env</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">var</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">HOST_PORT</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">expect</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">HOST_PORT 没有在 .env 文件里设置</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpServer</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">move</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">||</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> tera </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">concat!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">env!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">),</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/static/**/*</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">unwrap</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">App</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">().</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">app_data</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Data</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">configure</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">app_config</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">})</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">bind</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">host_port</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)?</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">run</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">await</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="业务逻辑" tabindex="-1">业务逻辑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#业务逻辑" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2><p>现在我们的服务器已经能启动起来了，我们来为他编写业务逻辑：</p><p>首先是 models ，我们编写两个数据结构方便我们查询和提交老师的数据：</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> serde</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::{</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Deserialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> Serialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">};</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">#[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">derive</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Deserialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Serialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Debug</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">struct</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">TeacherRegisterForm</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">#[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">derive</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Deserialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Serialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Debug</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">struct</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">TeacherResponse</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> id</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">i32</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> picture_url</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>之后我们编写 routers 来配置我们的路由，我们直接访问页面的时候展示所有老师的信息，而 register 页面用于注册老师，注册信息通过register-post 发送，而对静态文件的请求可以返回正确的静态文件 <code>fs::Files::new(&quot;/static&quot;,&quot;./static&quot;) </code> 就是将 /static 文件夹下的内容作为我们的静态资源列表，当用户请求静态资源的时候，就从这个位置获取他们：</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> actix_web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">crate</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">handlers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::*;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> actix_files </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">as</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> fs</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">app_config</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">cfg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mut</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">ServiceConfig</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    cfg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">service</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">scope</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">service</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">fs</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Files</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/static</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">./static</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">show_files_listing</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">())</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">service</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">resource</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">route</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">().</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">get_all_teacher</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)))</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">service</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">resource</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/register</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">route</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">().</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">show_register_from</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)))</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">service</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">resource</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/register-post</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">route</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">().</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">handle_register</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)))</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="模板引擎的使用" tabindex="-1">模板引擎的使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模板引擎的使用" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2><p>现在我们来依次编写 handlers 里的处理函数</p><p>首先是默认路由的展示教师数据，首先我们使用 awc_client 这个包来调用我们之前编写的接口，测试的时候，我们要将之前编写的完整的增删改查的接口 api 项目在 3077 端口启动起来:</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">async</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">get_all_teacher</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tmpl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Data</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Result</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> awc_client </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">awc</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Client</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">default</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> res </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> awc_client</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">http://localhost:3077/teachers/</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">send</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">await</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">unwrap</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">json</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Vec</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">TeacherResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;&gt;()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">await</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">unwrap</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>在获取数据之后我们把它添加到我们的模板里，我们开启一个 ctx 上下文，在其中插入 teachers 和 errors 两个数据，之后我们将 teachers.html 作为我们的模板，把上下文插入到这个模板中，现在这个模板就可以使用这两个变量了，通过模板引擎选然后会返回将模板的插值语句变为插入数据的网页代码，将它封装返回，用户就能看到完整的页面了：</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">async</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">get_all_teacher</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tmpl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Data</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Result</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> awc_client </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">awc</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Client</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">default</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> res </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> awc_client</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">http://localhost:3077/teachers/</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">send</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">await</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">unwrap</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">json</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Vec</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">TeacherResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;&gt;()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">await</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">unwrap</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mut</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> ctx </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Context</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">teachers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">res</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> s </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> tmpl</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">render</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">teachers.html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">map_err</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(|</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">_</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">|</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">TeraError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Template error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to_string</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()))?;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Ok</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Ok</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">content_type</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">text/html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">s</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">))</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>如下是编写好的模板，因为这个内容不是本教程最关键介绍的编写页面的方案，所以这里就简单给出 demo，如果想要了解模板的更多编写方法可以自行查阅资料：</p><div class="language-html"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F07178;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">head</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">meta</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">charset</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">utf-8</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">title</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">Teachers</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">title</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">head</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">h1</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">教师列表</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">h1</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">ol</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            {% for t in teachers %}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">li</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">h5</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">{{t.name}}</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">h5</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">div</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">{{t.profile}}</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">div</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">li</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            {% endfor %}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">ol</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">div</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">style</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">margin: 20px;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">             </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">a</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">href</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/register</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> 注册老师 </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">a</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">div</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>同样我们将我们的 register 界面也写好，因为初始值都是空的，所以我们给与的上下文信息都是空的：</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">async</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">show_register_from</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tmpl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Data</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Result</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mut</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> ctx </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Context</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">current_name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">current_imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">current_profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> s </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> tmpl</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">render</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">register.html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">map_err</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(|</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">_</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">|</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">TeraError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Template error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to_string</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()))?;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Ok</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Ok</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">content_type</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">text/html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">s</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">))</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>这是 register .html 的页面：</p><div class="language-html"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F07178;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">  </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">head</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">meta</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">charset</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">utf-8</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">title</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">register</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">title</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">link</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">rel</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">stylesheet</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">href</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/static/css/register.css</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">  </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">head</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">  </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">h2</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">class</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">header</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">注册老师</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">h2</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">div</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">class</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">center</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">      </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">form</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">action</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">/register-post</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">method</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">post</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">for</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">名字</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">br</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">input</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">type</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">text</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">id</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">value</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">{{current_name}}</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">br</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">for</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">头像</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">br</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">input</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">type</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">text</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">id</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">value</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">{{current_imageurl}}</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">        /&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">br</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">for</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">简介</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">br</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">input</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">type</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">text</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">id</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">          </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">value</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">{{current_profile}}</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">        /&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">br</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">for</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">          </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">p</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">style</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">color: red</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">{{error}}</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">p</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">label</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">        &gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">br</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> /&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F07178;">button</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">type</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">submit</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">id</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">button1</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> 注册</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">button</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">      </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">form</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">div</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">  </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#F07178;">html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><p>最后我们来写我们的提交数据的逻辑：我们在 post 数据到 /register-post 作为我们表单的提交方法，在这个方法的处理函数中，我们添加一个 <code>web::Form&lt;TeacherRegisterForm&gt;</code> 类型的参数传递我们的表单数据，要注意，如上的 html 模板，表单的每个字段的 name 属性必须和我们定义的数据结构一一对应：</p><p>我们做一个简单的判定，如果名字 Dave 那么将错误写到注册页面中，保持原来的数据不变；</p><p>否则我们调用接口将数据写到数据库中，返回回显新增数据的 id；</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">async</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">handle_register</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    tmpl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Data</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Form</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">TeacherRegisterForm</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Result</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mut</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> ctx </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Context</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">new</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> s</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">if</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">name </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">==</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Dave</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">名字已经存在</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">current_name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">current_imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">insert</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">current_profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        s </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> tmpl</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">render</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">register.html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">ctx</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">map_err</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(|</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">_</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">|</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">TeraError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Template error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to_string</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()))?;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">else</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> new_teacher </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">json!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">({</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">name</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">picture_url</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">imageurl</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">profile</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">params</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">profile</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">});</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> awc_client </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">awc</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Client</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">default</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> res </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> awc_client</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">http://localhost:3077/teachers/</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">send_json</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">new_teacher</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">await</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">unwrap</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">await</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">?;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">let</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> teacher_response</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">TeacherResponse</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">serde_json</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">from_str</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">std</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">str</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">from_utf8</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">res</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)?)?;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        s </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">format!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">成功,id是:</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{}&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">teacher_response</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">id</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Ok</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Ok</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">content_type</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">text/html</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">body</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">s</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">))</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="错误处理" tabindex="-1">错误处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#错误处理" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2><p>最后我们补上我们的错误处理，与上一个项目的错误处理逻辑基本上一致，只是多了一个 TeraError 作为我们模板渲染中发生的错误的错误类型:</p><div class="language-rust"><button class="copy"></button><span class="lang">rust</span><pre><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> actix_web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::{</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> http</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">StatusCode</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> Result</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">};</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> serde</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Serialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">use</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;"> std</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">fmt</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">#[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">derive</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Debug</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Serialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">enum</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">TeraError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">ActixError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">#[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">allow</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">dead_code</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">NotFound</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">#[</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">derive</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Debug</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Serialize</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">pub</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#C792EA;">struct</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyErrorResponse</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    error_message</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">impl</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">error_response</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">self</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">String</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">match</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> self </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">TeraError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">println!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Tera error occurred: </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">:?</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Database error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">into</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">ActixError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">println!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Server error occurred: </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">:?</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Internal server error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">into</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">NotFound</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">println!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">Not found error occurred: </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span><span style="color:#C3E88D;">:?</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">                msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">into</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">impl</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">ResponseError</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">for</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">status_code</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">self</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">StatusCode</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">match</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> self </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">TeraError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">_msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">|</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">ActixError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">_msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">StatusCode</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">NotFound</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">_msg</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">StatusCode</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">NOT_FOUND</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">error_response</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">self</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">HttpResponse</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">build</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">self</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">status_code</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">()).</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">json</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyErrorResponse</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">            error_message</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> self</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">error_response</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">})</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">impl</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">fmt</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Display</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">for</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">fmt</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(&amp;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">self</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> f</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#C792EA;">mut</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">fmt</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Formatter</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Result</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;(),</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> fmt</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">write!</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">f</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">,</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> self</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">impl</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">From</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">actix_web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">for</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">from</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">err</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">actix_web</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> Self </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">ActixError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">err</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to_string</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">())</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#F78C6C;">impl</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">From</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">for</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#F78C6C;">fn</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">from</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">err</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">tera</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">Error</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;"> Self </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">        </span><span style="color:#FFCB6B;">MyError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">TeraError</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">err</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">.</span><span style="color:#82AAFF;">to_string</span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">())</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#A6ACCD;">    </span><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#89DDFF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="效果演示" tabindex="-1">效果演示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果演示" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2><p>编写完毕后，我们将项目启动，然后将上一个编写的增删改查项目的 demo 在 3077 这个端口启动，现在我们在网页输入 127.0.0.1:4396：</p><p><img src="/image-20230306211759090.png" alt="image-20230306211759090"></p><p>之后我们点击注册老师页面：</p><p><img src="/image-20230306211844832.png" alt="image-20230306211844832"></p><p>我们添加一个新的老师：</p><p><img src="/image-20230306211921809.png" alt="image-20230306211921809"></p><p><img src="/image-20230306211944006.png" alt="image-20230306211944006"></p><p>我们在测试一下 Dave：</p><p><img src="/image-20230306212019274.png" alt="image-20230306212019274"></p><p>最后返回我们的首页，刚刚注册的老师显示出来了：</p><p><img src="/image-20230306212055865.png" alt="image-20230306212055865"></p><p>ok 我们的项目测试成功了，如果你没有运行成功可以查看这个 git 的 stage8：</p><p><a href="https://github.com/aiai0603/rust_web_mysql" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/aiai0603/rust_web_mysql</a></p></div></div></main><!--[--><!--]--><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-37ebe389 data-v-a54a85bd><!----><div class="prev-next" data-v-a54a85bd><div class="pager" data-v-a54a85bd><a class="pager-link prev" href="/articles/rustweb/05.%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E9%87%8D%E6%9E%84.html" data-v-a54a85bd><span class="desc" data-v-a54a85bd>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-a54a85bd>05.完整项目重构</span></a></div><div class="has-prev pager" data-v-a54a85bd><a class="pager-link next" href="/articles/rustweb/07.WebAssembly.html" data-v-a54a85bd><span class="desc" data-v-a54a85bd>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-a54a85bd>07.WebAssembly</span></a></div></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div></div><!----><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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